Impact of Foreign Aid on Poverty and Economic Development in Nigeria

Part ONE INTRODUCTION This task centers around the destitution profile in Nigeria, the remote guides given to the country to help mitigate neediness and how it influences the monetary improvement of Nigeria. As indicated by the World Bank site, â€Å"poverty is hunger. It is absence of safe house. Neediness is being wiped out and not having the option to see a specialist. It isn't having the option to go to class, not realizing how to peruse, and not having the option to talk appropriately. Neediness isn't having an occupation, and is dread for the future, and living each day in turn. It is losing a kid to sickness realized by messy water. Also, in conclusion, it is feebleness, absence of portrayal and opportunity. † Poverty is the powerlessness to accomplish a specific least way of life. It is multidimensional, including an absence of pay, yet additionally sick wellbeing, ignorance, absence of access to essential social administrations, and little chance to take an interest in forms that impact people’s lives. Mollie Orshansky, who built up the neediness estimations utilized by U. S government expresses that neediness is â€Å"to be poor is to be denied of products and enterprises, and different delights that individuals around us take for granted† (Schwartz, 2005) Poverty is unavoidable; as around 1. billion individuals on the planet despite everything live on not exactly a dollar daily and almost 850 million individuals go hungry consistently. (World Bank) According to Jhighan (2003), destitution is a hopelessness go-round tormenting the less evolved nations. 1. 1BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY The desti tution level in Nigeria; as portrayed by the World Bank (1996) is a Catch 22 that repudiates the gigantic riches it has. Nigeria is a nation enriched with human, rural, oil, gas and enormous undiscovered mineral assets. It earned over US$300 billion from only oil during the most recent three many years of the twentieth century. Instead of recoding amazing advancement in national, financial turn of events, Nigeria has retrogressed to being one of the 25 least fortunate nations of the 21st century while she was among the most extravagant 50 in the mid 70s. Nigeria delighted in consistent financial development and relative solidness during the 1960s and 70s particularly with rise of the mining enterprises. The per-capita pay developed consistently and not many individuals were between the destitution line as the rural open and mechanical parts consumed a most elevated level of the work power. In the mid 1980s, extreme financial emergency shook Nigeria carrying alongside them genuine and saw increments in the degree of neediness in the nation. This was because of variables, for example, declining costs of oil, the country’s principle send out, increases in the genuine universal loan fees that intensified the outside obligation and ensuing easing back down of monetary exercises and development. The major hidden reason for every one of these was household strategy botches. (Aigbokhan, 2000) In 1980, destitution was viewed as a rustic marvel however by 1985, it had spread to urban zones. This was because of the high country urban movement that went with the force to advancement created by oil incomes. Additionally, the breakdown of oil trades salary and huge importation of food to meet the creation limit in the rural area seriously influenced urban inhabitants. Financial changes were presented by the legislature in 1986; Structural Adjustment Program (SAP), which prompted the expulsion of decrease of endowments that were by chance vital to improving human government assistance. Government spending on social administrations got troubling while the quality and amount of open social administrations declined, particularly in poor networks. Its social expenses are reflected in expanding joblessness, cuts in social administrations, and general increments in the costs of fundamental items. The monetary change program put untold difficulty on the helpless gatherings of the general public, for example, the ladies, youngsters and the matured, who make up a bigger portion of poor people. The way of life of the general people fell and prompted poor access to food, cover, instruction, wellbeing and different fundamentals of life. In 1992, urban neediness continued as before at 37. 5% while rustic destitution decreased to 46%. By 1996, it was clear that urban neediness had become an expanding issue in Nigeria. For instance, the quantity of individuals in destitution expanded from 27% in 1980 to 46% in 1985. it declined marginally to 42% in 1992, and expanded forcefully to 67% in 1996. In 1999, gauges indicated that over 70% of Nigerians lived in destitution. The administration at that point announced in November 1999 that the 470 billion naira financial plan for the year 2000 was â€Å"to mitigate destitution. † By 1996, Nigeria had become the thirteenth most unfortunate nation on the planet and involved the 142nd position on the human advancement file (HDI) scale. World Bank, 1996) With the changes, the genuine development got positive yet there was as yet an inquiry whether the change eased destitution; how far neediness was decreased. Outside guide is the financial assistance given to networks of nations because of the event of a compassionate emergency or for the accomplishment of a financial ta rget. There are two sorts of helps: Humanitarian guide is the quick help given to people, associations or government for crisis alleviation brought about by war or catastrophic events. Advancement help will be help given by created nations to help monetary or social improvement in creating nations to make long haul practical financial development. The wellsprings of remote guides incorporate reciprocal and multilateral guides. Reciprocal guide is given by the legislature of one nation legitimately to another. Multilateral guide is help from a worldwide money related establishment, for example, the World Bank; the International Monetary Fund; the African, Asian and Inter-American Development Banks; the European Development Fund; and different United Nations organizations, for example, the United Nations Development Program. These associations are administered by individual contributing nations and capital markets. Non-legislative Organizations (NGOs) likewise assume a significant job in circulating guides. Tied guide is the guide which the giver requires a beneficiary to go through a few or the entirety of its outside guide on products and ventures created in the donor’s nation. This procedure is called tying of helps. This should likewise be possible by offering help as financed credit for the acquisition of its fares. Lion's share of the NGOs in Nigeria get remote guides from USAID (The United States Agency for International Development) USAID is an autonomous government office that gets generally speaking international strategy rules from the United States Secretary of State. It tries to stretch out some assistance to nations battling for a superior life, recouping from a debacle or endeavoring to live. It underpins financial development, farming, exchange, wellbeing, majority rule government, strife anticipation and helpful help. Different associations in Nigeria likewise get assets from USAID to attempt ventures extending from HIV/AIDS counteraction to carrying sun powered vitality to a country town. Then again, Nigeria is presently not qualified to get concedes during that Time Challenge Corporation (MCC), which was built up under President Bush as a major aspect of the â€Å"new understanding for worldwide turn of events. † Its crucial to lessen worldwide destitution through advancement of feasible financial development. Before a nation is qualified to get help, MCC takes a gander at their presentation on 16 free and straightforward arrangement markers. Nigeria is a nation, deliberately imperative to the U. S. furthermore, a nation whose residents are extraordinarily out of luck. Simultaneously, it is a nation whose legislature doesn't breeze through the assessment for accepting guide through the MCC. 1. 2STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Poverty is a relentless issue which has existed for quite a while in Nigeria. A great deal of strategies have been applied to lighten it however absent a lot of accomplishmen t. This examination x-beams the commitment of outside guides as an answer for this issue. The particular issues we will take a gander at in this investigation are the reasons for neediness and furthermore how remote guides can add to destitution decrease in the Nigerian economy. . 3OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The significant goal of this investigation is to look at the impacts of neediness and remote guides given to us on the advancement of the economy. The examination will concentrate on other miniaturized scale destinations, which include: I. To examine the neediness profile and talk about the national patterns of destitution in Nigeria. ii. To survey the causes, measures and effect of destitution on the GDP of Nigeria. iii. To distinguish the structures and jobs of the remote guides given to Nigeria. iv. To distinguish the connection between outside guides and destitution in the Nigerian economy. 4. Hypothetical FRAMEWORK This investigation utilizes the hypothetical structure utilized by Ogbuaku, Adebisi and Feridun (2006) in light of the neoclassical development model by Barro (1991). It depends on a little open economy adaptation of the Solow (1956)- Swan (1956) development model. The choice to consider outside guide in an open economy, instead of a shut, is three overlap. To start with, the vast majority of the economies that get remote guide should sensibly be viewed as little and open. Second, to the degree that universal credit markets are defective, a few types of remote guide can positively affect poor people. Third, in our experimental work we give measurable proof to propose that more noteworthy universal transparency and access to credit invigorates monetary development. 5. Procedure The information for this investigation will be predominantly from optional sources, for example, World Bank reports, Central Bank of Nigeria distributions, for example, the CBN Economic and Financial Review Bullions, infrequent papers, CBN yearly reports and explanation of records, Federal Office of Statistics (Statistical announcement) and other important diaries. This exploration utilizes econometrics in evaluating the connection between neediness, remote guides and its commitment to the improvement of the Nigerian economy. The numerous relapse procedure is utilized in acquire

Empowerment of the theatre Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strengthening of the theater - Dissertation Example They are satisfying, however assume a main job in upgrading the social prosperity of a given populace. When investigated ideally, it is fulfilling and fulfilling both at an individual and network level. As the worldwide condition turns out to be innovatively cutting-edge, this field of determination is progressively investigating mechanical headways furthering its potential benefit. As of now, innovation is at the inside phase of the field of theater. Much the same as different fields of social, social and financial significance, the field of theater expressions require strengthening and backing so as to flourish. Strengthening in such manner includes budgetary, infrastructural and moral help. Without a doubt, there are special gifts inside the populace that can be investigated for financial addition. Be that as it may, to accomplish ideal yields from this, it is basic for the influenced people to be energized and enabled as needs be. Now, it merits valuing that with the end goal for ability to be perceived thusly, it should be sustained and created to development. This can't be acknowledged without the assistance from various relative organizations and individual characters with an enthusiasm for this field. In this manner in spite of the fact that theater expressions to a great extent lead to individual satisfaction, influenced people and theater foundations should be upheld in various manners all together for both themselves and the network to profit by their abilities. The theater should be engaged in light of the fact that it similarly enables populaces in various manners. Through this, nearby networks can introduce their perspectives to applicable partners. It is utilized as a ‘societal mirror’ and much of the time, viewed as intelligent of the necessities of the nearby populaces. Through this, local people can express their perspectives as needs be. The way that they can settle on an effect on cultural dynamic can't be questioned. Therefore since theater is a significant network strengthening instrument, it should be enabled as well. Foundation to the Study Theater is a creative field that has increased incredible significance in the social scene in the ongoing past. It accept various structures including show, video creations and music among others. In his investigation, Rohd (1998, p. 63) demonstrates that venue is a field of particular that has its underlying foundations in the social originations of worldwide populaces. Hence in many cases, relative introductions are intelligent of the way of life of the particular populaces. Progressively, this field has been investigated for financial additions. It lies in the diversion docket and relative bits of craftsmanship are constantly redone to address the issues, interests and prerequisites of the customers. Because of the developing needs of the populace, the scholastic circle has additionally added to the improvement of this field. In this regard, theater expressions a re instructed in taking in organizations from an essential level. This is in a piece to upgrade the capacity of the understudies and hone their gifts. Over the long haul, they produce results of highest caliber and which are serious in the market condition. As it were, this empowers them to get by as well as flourish in media outlets. As of right now, praiseworthy execution in any field of particular requires a person to be supplied with basic aptitudes and information. Moreover, Thompson (2003, p. 52) contends that people need to have

What Does It Mean to Be Egocentric

What Does It Mean to Be Egocentric Theories Personality Psychology Print What It Means to Be Egocentric By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 23, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 29, 2019 Alma Haser / Stone / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The term egocentric is a concept that originated within  Piagets theory of childhood development. Egocentrism refers to someones inability to understand that another persons view or opinion may be different than their own. It represents a cognitive bias, in that someone would assume that others share the same perspective as they do, unable to imagine that other people would have a perception of their own. Another development theorist, David Elkind, expanded on this idea of egocentrism to with regards to adolescence. Elkind described A heightened self-awareness and self-conscious, saying that teenagers often feel that others are watching them and that they are extraordinarily concerned with what others think of them. Although most people grow out of this egocentric mindset, we are aware that others do not and that they tend to bring some of these same self-focused traits in their adult lives and relationships.   The Difference Between Egocentric and Narcissistic Since the term egocentric describes someone who is self-focused and unable to imagine any other perspective than their own, you might wonder if this is the same thing as narcissism. Although there are some parallels, there is a distinct difference between egocentric and narcissistic personalities. Some of the similarities between egocentric and narcissistic include: Focus on own perception and opinionLack of empathyInability to recognize needs of othersExcessive thoughts of how others might view themDecision-making around the needs of self In addition to these traits, however, narcissistic people also demonstrate: Excessive need for recognition and admirationView self as extraordinarily worthy or importantSense of entitlementManipulate others to get what they wantArrogant and pretentious behaviorsPreoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, or beauty A primary difference between being egocentric and narcissism is that someone who is narcissistic constantly seeks admiration from others with a need to feel important and valued.?? Keep in mind that we all may have egocentric and narcissistic tendencies, but specific criteria need to be met in order for someone to have a clinical diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder. The Impact of Egocentric Behavior Egocentric people can find it difficult to connect with others or maintain meaningful relationships for a long period of time. The bias toward self can result in an egocentric person struggling at home, at work, and within their intimate relationships.?? The primary reason for these struggles is the lack of ability to empathize or imagine someones perspective other than their own. As you can imagine, this might negatively impact things like: TrustCloseness or intimacyEmotional attunementDecision makingCollaborationTeamwork It can feel challenging to be around  someone who is egocentric because you feel invisible or feel that you have no voice when spending time with them. Some of the ways being around an egocentric person might impact us  include feelings of: Low Self-Worth:  When we feel irrelevant we are left feeling low as if our opinions dont matterSelf-Doubt: You may question your own judgment or perceptionConfusion: You may wonder if the person recognizes their egocentric waysSadness: You may feel sorry for the person or sad for yourself after interacting with themAnger: It can be difficult to practice assertiveness with an egocentric person, which can lead to frustration and anger over not feeling seen or heardResentment: After a time, you might find yourself bitter toward them for the ways they behave and how you feel after interactionsDetachment: Unfortunately, if the pattern continues, you may desire to move away from the person as much as you can in order to protect your sense of self. There may be times when you can simply choose to limit your exposure to an egocentric person, however, there are many situations in which it is not an option and you have to learn how to take care of yourself while in their presence. Egocentrics in Relationships For the egocentric person, life can feel isolating and anxiety-producing. When living with a cognitive bias, an egocentric person may believe that all eyes are on them and that every move or decision they make is noticed by others. This can create a tremendous amount of pressure for that person, causing anxiety around their decision making and social interactions. Even when they want to connect with others they may not know how to do that or may make efforts to connect and become confused as to why their efforts dont work. To be in a relationship with someone who is egocentric can feel very lonely and you might feel you are never seen, heard or valued in the relationship. Your partner may make important decisions without you, make plans based on their needs and schedule, or seem distant or uninterested if you come to them with an emotional need for comfort, reassurance or encouragement. The egocentric partner may believe that the relationship is fine when their partner is often left feeling invisible and devalued. Common Egocentric Traits It is common for most people to have some level of egocentrism. Research has shown that adults tend to have egocentric shortcomings in the following ways: False Consensus Effect: When we overestimate how much other people share our perspective or preferences. We tend to think that others would agree with us or see things our way.??Curse of Knowledge: When those who are experts in their field tend to talk above people around them on that topic. They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to those around them.Illusion of Transparency: When people feel that others can clearly see their emotional state in a given experience. For example, we might think that others can see how anxious we feel when we are giving a presentation at work.Spotlight Effect: When people overestimate how much others are noticing their presence or behaviors. We may walk into a room and feel like people are watching our every move when, in reality, they are casually interacting with each other and may not notice us at all. How to Become Less Egocentric Since we all have an egocentric slant to some degree we can all benefit from softening our egocentric edge. Being self-focused can be a benefit when we are trying to stick to our values or when we are feeling disrespected. However, when an egocentric mindset begins to negatively impact our everyday behavior it can cause problems. There are helpful tips  for becoming less egocentric Slow down. Sometimes we make decisions based out of fear. Fear likes to pressure us and force us to think in a very flight or fight way, even when we are not in the presence of danger. Slowing down can help you clarify what it is that needs to be decided, considering how your decision may impact those around you.Look around. We like to think that life is all about us. There are people around us who care and want to be a part of our lives and decision making. Look around and see who is standing by you and willing to help.Take a chance. Sometimes people become more egocentric because they have learned through experience that they cannot trust others to be there for them. As you look around and notice who is standing by you, take a chance to let someone show you what they can do. Not only are you practicing walking through your fears but allowing someone who cares about you to get close.Stay present. Just as some egocentric people have learned to not trust others, some have learned to n ever show vulnerability. Even if you make a decision and someone notices a misstep, keep moving. All of us want to live well and it never feels comfortable when others see our mistakes. Staying present allows you to practice navigating uncomfortable situations, learning that you can move through them and still be okay. A Word From Verywell All of us are a bit egocentric at times. But, a truly egocentric person does not consider others and is heavily focused on needs and desires of self to the point of not being able to recognize or consider the opinions of others or to empathize. Although it may feel that someone like this is narcissistic, an egocentric person does not necessarily obsess over things like success, beauty, or status. They simply dont consider other people in their decision making. It is important to emotionally take care of yourself if you happen to be around an egocentric person. Remember that their inability to consider your perspective or opinion is about their cognitive bias, not a result of anything you have done. Keeping a thoughtful  distance from their behavior can help you emotionally protect yourself around an egocentric person.

Philadelphia Story Character Analysis - 1316 Words

Philadelphia Story Character Analysis George Cukor’s star studded romantic comedy, The Philadelphia Story (1940), offers modern viewers a look at changing personalities in 1930s/40s American high society. The film stars Cary Grant, Katherine Hepburn, and James Stewart in a clash of cultures centered around a wedding. Macaulay Connor (Stewart) is a reporter for tabloid like Spy Magazine, on assignment to write an exposà © on the marriage of wealthy Tracy Lord (Katherine Hepburn) with the help of her ex-husband, C.K. Dexter Haven (Cary Grant). While all of the characters present go through a dramatic change of outlook, Connor’s is the most drastic. Macaulay Connor’s goal in life is to be respected for his writing. He works for Spy†¦show more content†¦When asked about her wedding, she comments, â€Å"We aren’t allowing any reporters in, except for little Mr. Grace who does the social news. Can you imagine a grown up man having to sink so low?† A little later in the same meeting, Tracy asks if Connor and Elizabeth are dating and receives only uncomfortable spluttering from the couple. Tracy then insinuates that Connor should have married Elizabeth if he loves her, at which Connor jerks and becomes uncomfortable. This moment exposes Connor’s emotional distance, an issue that continues throughout the film. It appears that Connor is unaware of his emotional objectivity towards his girlfriend, Elizabeth, until the end of the film. When asked why she has not married him yet, Elizabeth responds, â€Å"he’s still got a lot to learn. I don’t want to get in his way for a while.† While he is aware of his classism towards the wealthy, it is not until the end of the film that he recognizes that his prejudice towards the upper class is unfair. Connor is not aware of the extent to which he expresses his dislike of the upper class, in spite of being faced with examples that prove him wrong. As the story progresses, Connor begins to realize that the wealthy are as dysfunctional as everyone else. They have personal dilemmas, trauma, and struggles. His view of Tracy, the epitome in his eyes of upper class snobbery, begins to change when he discovers her reading his book in the library. â€Å"Are you sure you’reShow MoreRelatedTable Of Contents. Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2.1727 Words   |  7 PagesPresence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Competitive Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Goals†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Platform-Specific Tactics and Tools†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Facebook†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Twitter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 LinkedIn†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 YouTube†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Instagram†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Budget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Work Cited Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Executive Summary: The Philadelphia Youth Network is anRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Philadelphia Fire Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Philadelphia Fire laments the impossibility of attaining this ideal in late twentieth-century urban America.† Start with the investigation of escaped orphan from the fire, Cudjoe, the protagonist of the novel revealed a decayed city. 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Counseling in the Latino Culture Free Essays

Case Study of Mario Abstract Counseling members of the Latino culture who reside in the United States comes with many challenges, as family structure, economic, and social factors influence an individual’s ability to cope with his new surroundings. In the case study of Mario, an examination of his US residency and the motivational role his family played in his relocation is crucial in determining his mental state and understanding of support. Latino men are generally hesitant to seek counseling and admit weakness, and the mandate of the court for treatment may even create more resistance in the case of Mario. We will write a custom essay sample on Counseling in the Latino Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now While treatment goals would include a complete abstinence from addictive substances, deeper success would come with a realization of his coping mechanisms and the environment factors triggering their defenses. Measures success will be found in the increased ability for Mario to self-disclose during treatment, cooperating in native-language journaling, and attendance and voluntary participation in addiction oriented group counseling. Personal Information When first meeting with Mario, I would like to understand more about who he is. Since we may not have complete file on his demographics, I would like to know his age, marital status, original residence, if he has children, and current employment situation. I would like to know about his journey to get into the United States, as well as the decision making that went into the process. Considering that he has left his family behind, I would like to know who he is staying with or his current living conditions. Since the ties among family are highly valued in the Hispanic culture, determining whose choice it was for Mario to enter the United States illegally would assist in understanding his emotional state and stability. As mentioned by Torres Zayas (2009), â€Å"Latino men are intensely devoted to their families, take great pride in their ability to provide for and protect their wives and children, and are deeply connected to their extended families and their broader communities† (Torres Zayas, 2009, p. 206). In light of this, I would like to know the motivation for being in the United States despite the risks associated with his alien status. I would also like to know if he any contact with his family back home. I would also like to know about his family background. The primary source of identity and self-esteem in a Latino is found in his familial structure (Torres-Rivera, 2004). Additionally, the family culture of the Latino population heavily involves the teaching and cultures of the Roman Catholic church, which is a source of Mario’s social interaction (Hildebrand, Phenice, Gray, Hinesm, 2008). The family structure and culture also provides understanding of the level of acceptance or tolerance for substance abuse, and whether or not there are any moral objections to such behaviors by relatives and his original community. This provides an avenue from which to pursue support or determine a weak spot in his associations (Torres-Rivera, 2004). I think it would also be pertinent to follow his journey in the United States for the past five years. How many times has he been unemployed? What different cultures, ethnicities, and attitudes has he been exposed too? How has he learned to communicate with others? Research show the social and economic conditions play a significant role in substance abuse among Latinos (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991). Realizing what he has been exposed to may provide insight into his need or decision to abuse alcohol or other substances. Personal Biases and Limitations Having had previous exposure to the Latino community through a non-profit organization, I feel that I am comfortable around their culture. One of the keys to building successful rapport with a Latino client is familiarizing oneself with the Latino community and culture, and I think that my desire to become more education about diversity would allow me to accomplish this (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991). However, realizing that he is an illegal alien does give me cause for concern and my first inclination may be to question why he is receiving counseling rather than being deported. Since men within the Latino â€Å"seldom present for treatment, and even more rarely do they make the initial request for services themselves† (Torres Zayas, 2009), I may be predisposed to assume that these sessions would be pointless and his addictions were just a part of his primary culture. I may also question who would be paying for the services, and feel that government funding would be better spent on individuals who had a â€Å"legitimate right† to ur services. Should he have limited English speaking abilities, I may be frustrated and feel that he had a responsibility to learn English if he wanted to a part of our country and just refer his case off to a Spanish speaking counselor so I would not have the challenges that would accompany that barrier. With these thoughts and biases, my understanding of his lifestyle and point of view would be skewed and I do not think that I would look objectively at goals and treatment plans. I may go through the motions of listening, but lack a sincerity and empathy in my approach and response. Latino individuals, especially men, need to develop strong rapport with their counselors or therapist, as self-disclosure is extremely difficult for them (Torres Zayas, 2009). My attitude may be easily sensed, which would lead to confrontation and hostility from the initial introductions (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991). Goals In working with Mario, I think the primary goal would be abstinence from alcohol. Instead of explaining the evils of alcohol or the effects on his physical health or even the legal consequences of abuse, it is more critical that I engage him in a decision to abstain from alcohol for a specific period of time as we discuss the implications of his abuse on his family and community. Although he is separated from his family, deriving treatment goals from what is culturally acceptable behavior highlights one of the strongest values in the Hispanic culture- protecting and providing for the family (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, Wilbur, 2004). Realizing that his dependence on alcohol may be a coping mechanism for his loneliness and having him explore avenues to become more socially engaged will be another goal that I pursue with Mario. In Latino men, â€Å"substance abuse is often used to cope with the discomfort and unmet emotional needs of the individual† (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, Wilbur, 2004, p. 31). Despite the need for change, it is plausible that Mario will not support these goals. In fact, â€Å"resistance should be expected at with every intervention when working with Latino clients† (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, Wilbur, 2004, p. 36). One suggestion for combatting this resistance would be to have Mario participate in a group counseling setting where he can examine the importance of cultural beliefs and values, as well as provide him a more â€Å"familiar face† environment where he can be honest with other Latino participants (Maddux, Phan, Roberts-Wilbur, Torres-Rivera, Wilbur, 2004). Theoretical Approach Because of the strong need for Latino men to feel in control and exude their masculine identity, I will have to carefully approach my discussions or plan for Mario (Torres Zayas, 2009). I would develop a better relationship if I share ideas and allow him to discuss it and offer input. The Latino population is generally not interested in lengthy, theoretical discussions and often prefers action. ‘Hispanic clients were found to be tolerant of early goal setting in the counseling process† (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991, p. 229). My style should be direct, and include an understanding of the problem form their perspective (Diller, 2011). It would also be important to incorporate a spiritual component to his treatment, â€Å"since spirituality for Latinos is an important part of their identity† (Maddux et al, 2004, p. 37). Latino individuals are known to terminate counseling prematurely (Madduz et al, 2004). With the fact that counseling has been mandated by the courts, I would establish a minimum of four sessions. Since the primary session will mainly gather information about his background, that leaves three sessions to work through what I have discovered and found to be important to him. Since this will be combined with attendance with a support group, I do not want to scare Mario or smother him in his treatment and progress. If there is a language barrier, it may be easier for Mario to communicate on a deeper emotional level in his native language (Black, DeBlassie, Paz, 1991). If this is the case and he is comfortable doing so, I would have him journal in Spanish or outwardly speak his thoughts occurring when he has a desire to drink or when he is lonely. This may be more effective than me trying to tell him how he might feel in English. Therapeutic Progress and Success While success would be for Mario to become more integrated into his present community and maintain control over his alcohol intake, measuring success for Mario may be difficult if he is unable remove the depression, fear, and stress that often accompanies Latinos residing in the United States (Maddux et al, 2004). However, smaller signs of success with be a noticeable change in his effort to participate in therapy and increase in the depth of his disclosers during sessions. Once Latino men are more comfortable and engaged in the therapeutic process, their walls come down and they are more willing to be personal and open in their revelations (Torres and Zayas, 2009). Further success would be shown in his willful participation in the group therapy that he has been required to attend. References Black, C. , DeBlassie, R. , Paz, H. (1991). Counseling the Hispanic male adolescent. Adolescence, 26(101), 223-32. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/195933761? accountid=12085 Diller, J. V. (2011). Cultural diversity: A primer for the human services (4th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Hildebrand, V. , Phenice, L. , Gray, M. , Hines, R. (2008). Knowing and serving diverse families (3rd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Maddxx, C. , Phan, L. , Roberts-Wilbur, J. , Torres-Rivera, E. , Wilbur, M. (2004) Counseling Latinos with substance abuse problems. Journal of Addictions Offender Counseling, 25(1), 26-42. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/194443893? accountid=12085 Torres, L. Zayas, L. (2009). Culture and masculinity: When therapist and patient are Latino men. Clinical Social Work Journal, 37(4), 294-302. doi: 10. 1007/s10615-009-0232-2 How to cite Counseling in the Latino Culture, Papers

Social Realism Essay Example For Students

Social Realism Essay Social Realism In ArtSocial realism, in art, describes both a specific stylistic approach and an overall attitude toward the subject. Social realism aims toward the not so lovely part of life. Its goal is not to amuse but to show the observer the evils of poverty , immorality and war. Social Realists believed that paintings should describe and express the people, their problems and their times. The roots of social realism lie in the 18th century. Some of the artists involved in the start of social realism are William Hogarth, Francisco de Goya and Honor Daumier. William Hogarth attacked drunkenness and foolish extravagance with his engravings of the 1730s to the 50s. Goya had a series of horrifying etchings titled The Disasters of War. Daumier had satiricial lithographs of the 1830s to 40s, that reflect deep social concern. Social realism painting declined, in France, after the 1860s which was the time it became important in Great Britian. Sir Luke Fildess Applicants for Admission to a Casual Ward, Frank Holls Newgate: Committed for Trial, and Hubert Herkomers Pressing to the West depict grimy scenes of urban poverty. In the 1900s the British social realist tradition was carried on in the United States by the Ashcan school. After 1920 its emphasis was carried on by several major American painters. Ben Shahn was one of the artists in the 1920s and early 30s. He showed laborers and other victims of the Depression as well as scenes of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial and execution. Also Ivan Albright and Edward Hopper focused on the isolation of individual people in a society.